Device and system for the braking of vehicles



Aug. 20, 1946. I

R. L. LEVY 2,406,304

DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR THE BRAKING OF VEHICLES Filed May 4, 1943 3Sheets-Sheet l Ih'veni'o'r'; R. Z- LEVY Aug. 20, 1946. R. 'L. LEVY vDEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR THE BRAKING 0F VEHICLES Filed May 4, '1943 3Sheets-Sheet 2 fitter neg.

Aug. 20, 1946.

R. L. LEVY DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR THE BRAKING OF VEHICLES Filed May 4,l943 I 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 vunnnun z J'n1 e n '07- R. L- LEVY w fli'i'orneys. Y

Patented Aug 20, :194 6 DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR THE OF VEHICLES BRAKINGRen Lucien Levy, Paris, France, assignor to Societe DInventions,Aeronautiques et Mecag niques S. I. A. M., Geneva, Switzerland v rApplication May 4, 1943,.Serial No. 485,665 In France Junefi'l, 1941 '4Claims. (o1. nae- 152) v This invention relates to braking mechanism ofthe type use'din-connection with vehicles and has for its object toprovide an improved brake system wherein fluid is utilized as a mediumfor applying the brakes, the system including a liquid reservoir andmanually operably controlled means for regulating the application offluid pressure.

I In the following description, made by Way of example, reference ismade to the diagrammatic drawings attached, in which: a

Fig. 1 is a general View of a braking system according to the invention,the wheel being shown in axial section;

Fig. 2 shows, in axial section, a wheel of modified form furnished witha brake. according to theinvention, wherein the pump is actuated by therotation of the wheel.

Fig. 3 is a, front view of one of the said wheels,

the circular plate being supposed removed in order to show the part withdeformable wall; 7

Fig. 4 shows, on a larger scale, in axial section, half of a. furthermodified form of wheel equipped with a brake according to the invention;

Fig.5 is a front view of this wheel in section along line 5-5 followingthe direction'of arrow 7, .only a quarter of the wheel being shown;

' Fig. 6 shows diagrammatically the device provided for the circulationof the liquid-in. the wheel according to this modification.

Reference is made first to Figs. 1 and.3. The wheel I rests on the axis2:by the intermediary of bearings 3 and. 4. The profile nected with theoutlet of a pump I9 which is,

for example, of the gear type. On pipe I8 is mounted, a smallhydro-pneumatic accumulator 20 constituted by a cylindrical vessel 2| inwhich a piston 22 divides a lower chamber 23 filled with liquid, and anupper chamber 24 charged with a gas under pressure. In the half-crown lI-at a point situated close to the discharge of pipe I8 in half-crownl2-is led a of the wheelrim is suitable to receive a tyre. On the axis2" is fixed, by a ring 5, a. circular plate 6. Around pipe 25 which goesto a radiator v26. The circular plate .6 is perforated by holes 21 at .aspot. diametrically opposed to the exits of. p1pes, .l8

and 25 in the half-crowns I I and I2.

Pump l9. sucks liquid from reservoir28 by a pipe 29. The exit fromradiator 25 is made by pipe 30 connected with the lower extremity ofregulator3l. r

This regulator comprises a cylindrical body 32 which is divided into twochambers 34 and 35 by an interior partition 33. These chambers areputinto communication .by orifice 36 in parti-. tion 33 and controlledbyneedle 31. Needle 31; is carried by piston 38 mountedtightly incylindrical body 32. A spiral spring 39 is interposedv between partition33 and piston 38. Needle 3'! has a flange 40, and a spring 4|. isinterposed. On the between the said .fiange and piston 38. fiange 40there is a circular Washer 4| capable of cooperating with an annularseat 42 formed in partition 33. The lower compartment 43,

which is limited by piston 38 in chamber 34, is

in communication with reservoir. 28 by a pipe 59. The uppercompartment45 is connectedby a pipe 46 with a transmitting device 41,which comprises a cylindrical body 48, wherein may be displaced a piston49 providing with the cylinder an. annular space. 50. In this annularspace a tube 5| coming from reservoir 28 termihates. Piston 49 ispierced by a channel 520apable of puttingin communication the ,annularspace 50 and chamber 53 in which tube 46 terminates, This communicationmay be interruptedby a valve 54 of'which thefstem .55 carries a. rod 56capable of being displaced in groove. 51 of piston 48. This piston isengaged by rod 58 hinged on the brake pedal 59.

v Theoperation of this system is as follows:

When pedal 59 is depressed, in order to apply the brake, thefirst phaseof the movement closes communication between reservoir28 and chamber 53by reason of the closing of valve 54. Simultaneously, according to theinvention, in the course of this first phase, pump l9 is put inrotation, for instance by its clutching with the motor of the vehicle.

The liquid which pump I9 sucks from reservoir 28 is delivered throughpipe l8 to halfcrown I2, then in half-crown II through holesv theliquid.v The liquid is therefore not under pressure in the half-crowns ll and I2, and wheel I turns without the half-crowns being in contactwith the braking material l3 and I5.

' When the depression of pedal 59 is continued the needle3l-restrictsthe passage of the liquid throughorifice" 36'; causing thepressure to increase in half-crowns I and I2 which then expand and comeinto contact with brake material I3 and I5; this contact, underpressure, causes friction which ensures the braking of the vej-i hicle.This friction rises in degreeasthe depression of pedal 59 is continued,thefcl'osin'glof orifice 36 becoming more absolutei The heat caused bythe braking is generated" at the place of contact of thehalf-crowris-E'H andIZ "with the braking materials 13 and I5; by reasonof theconductibility of the half-crowns i l and [2' and of the poorconductibility of materials I3 and I5 the wheel is protected and theheat does not penetrate in it excessively. 'Ihe interior space inhalf-crowns H and '12 being filled con- ,and has numerous coolingribslS. On halfcrown H are lugs #9 received in corresponding recessesBil provided in projection 69. A similar device is provided on the otherside of the wheel, symmetrically in relation to raxis,X-X, When thepressure ofthe thus causing the braking. The lugs I9 prevent theentrainingof half-crown H by the material .13. The effect of the brakingis similar on the other side of the wheel. When the pressure falls inthannular space HQ the half-crown H returned to its position of rest bythe'action of springs 16;

r The ribs 18' assure the cooling of the liquid circulating in annularspace H! which permits the 7 radiation of the heat caused by thebraking. If

stantly' by the liquid, this liquid absorbs the heat which is dissipatedintothe atmosphere by means of fradiator. .The efilcacy of the coolingis such that, with a brake according to the invention, the maximumbraking :force may be applied without excessive heating of the brakedevice and of the wheel;

I If, when the vehicle'is at rest,'the driver depresses pedal'59 to itsutmost limit the vehicle re'mains' braked. Under this condition theliquid remains underpressure' between the partition 33 rendered fluidtight'by the cooperation of circular washer 41 and the "tightening ring42, and on the other handris prevented from returning to the reservoir"28 through pipe l8b'y a non-return valve 6'] situated between pump 19and the deformable wall. I.

In the modification according to Figs. 2 and a 'pump 62 is providedwhichis actuated not by engaged withthe toothed crown63. In this em 7bodiment, it may be necessary/to provide a cornplem'entary brakingdevice in order'to maintain the'blocking of the wheels in case ofaprolonged stopping of the'vehicle. I T

Reference is now made to Figs. 4 and 6 relating to another embodiment.In this embodiment axle 2 of the wheel carries on one side of 1111 XX adisc 5! which terminates, at its periphery in two concentric projections68 and 69 forming.

an annular space 19. In this annular space is mounted a slidinghalf-crown of U form in section formed of thin metal and of I which thebottom is situatedin front of. braking material- !31carried by wheel I.Two packing rings M and '15 are placed in the projections 68 and t9.

Spring K6 are attached at one end to the bottom T2 of the half-crown Hand at the other endon the bottom H' of annular space iii. This end,

whichformspart of disc 61,,is preferably convex- The' inlet. and

this is not sui'ficient'the liquid issuing, from annular space l9discharges into a radiator, as in the embodiments above described. I 7

The circulation of the liquid ay be assured by the device showndiagrammaticallyron Fig. 6'.' The liquid arrives at the wheel by tube 8|which discharges into annular space Ill. Tube 8! is inclinedinrelationto the-mid-plan of "the wheel so that the liquid circulates inthe said space in.

a well-determined direction; a deflectingshield 82 further prevents themovement of the liquid in the opposite direction. After having circu:

' latcl' in the annular space 16 following thefcir cum f er ence of thewheel 'the liqu'id is evacuated by tube 83 issuing from thewheelinthe.imme; diate vicinity of the tube 8l. Theltquid islled towards tube 83by a deflecting shield 84 which I is solid with end llga part ofshield 85 solidwith end l2 of half-crown H prevents the passage of theliquid between 'shield'84 and thesaid end. I c

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is;

reservoir, a power operated pump connected with the supply connection,a. control valve interposedin the return connection, a piston for oper-jating said control valve, means for conducting fluid from said reservoirto said piston, and'means for varying the pressure of the fluidappliedto saidpistonto operatesaid control valve. 2. A brakesyStema claimedinclaim 1 char- 'acterisedby the-provision of ajnon' return valve. in thesupply connection between the pumpia nd th brake shoes preventing returnof the fluid I from the shoes to the reservoir. 7

3. A brake-system as claimed in claim .1 wherein said control valveincludes means rendered effec; tive in one plositioniof said pistontocompletely close passage through said return connection. I

l; A brake systema's claimed in claim 1 characterised by the provisionof a non-return valve inthe supply connection between thepump and thebrake shoes preventing return of the fluid from the shoes to thereservoir, said control valve V including means rendered effective in.one position of said piston to completely close passage through aidreturn connection.

RENE LUCIEN liquid in annular space It! increases, the half-crown isapplied .at its bottom 12 against braking material 13,

. 1 ..In a brake system, hollow expansiblefbrakei shoes, a reservoir forpressure fiuid supply and 7 return connections between saidfshoes andsaid

